Rare case of multiple primary malignant neoplasms

Multiple Primary Malignant Neoplasms (MPMNs) are rarely reported and are defined as the diagnosis of ?2 independent, primary malignancies of different histologies/ origins in a single individual. In this study, we report a patient with Male Breast Cancer (MBC) and coexisting Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL) and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). A 65-year-old male with complaints of a lump in his left breast since 2 years. CT scan findings were a non-homogeneous mass in the left breast along with bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy. Modified radical mastectomy was done. Microscopic examination showed the features of infiltrating duct carcinoma NOS: Modified Nottingham Bloom Richardson抯 Grade II in breast specimen. A peripheral smear of the patient showed features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (absolute lymphocyte count was 16400 cells/mm3). IHC of breast tumor showed ER/PR positivity with H scores of 350 and 240 respectively and HER- 2/Neu protein expression was negative with a score of (1+). Lymph nodes were immunoreactive for CD 19, CD 23 and CD 5. Cells were non-reactive for Cyclin D1a and CD3. This is probably the first case of MBC with SLL and CLL. The diagnosis is consistent with synchronous MPMNs, which are increasingly reported nowadays.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of tongue: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare neurogenic malignant tumor. MPNST has aty-pical clinical symptoms and imaging presentations, difficult diagnosis, a high degree of malignancy, and poor prognosis. It usually occurs in the trunk, approximately 20% in the head and neck, and rarely in the mouth. This paper reports a case of MPNST of the tongue. A summary of the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of MPNST is presented in combination with a literature review to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Research progress on GLIM criteria for malnutrition in patients with malignant tumors / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Malnutrition is a common complication in patients with malignant tumors, which affects the clinical outcome of cancer patients. Accurate identification of malnutrition is the premise of nutritional intervention and treatment, but uniform diagnostic criteria for malnutrition are currently lacking. With the official release of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) initiated by global nutrition experts in 2018, a large cohort of studies have been carried out. In this article, the specific content and controversies of the GLIM criteria, its accuracy validation and clinical predictive value in patients with malignant tumors were mainly reviewed, aiming to provide reference for subsequent research and clinical application of malignant tumor-related malnutrition.

Cancer in the head and neck region and its face under the perspective of users of a public reference hospital in Recife, state of Pernambuco, Brazil

Introduction: In Brazil, cancer is a public health problem because of its epidemiological, social, and economic amplitude. Objective: This study aimed to identify and analyze the difficulties experienced by head and neck (H&N) cancer patients, who are users of the Brazilian public health system (SUS), from their perspective of diagnosis to post-treatment. Methods: Qualitative case series carried out using individual semistructured interviews. Data were collected from October 2019 to March 2020 and interpreted by content analysis. Results: Three categories emerged from the analysis: "difficulties in the diagnosis phase", "conflicts experienced during treatment" and "post-treatment difficulties/sequelae". Corroborating the literature, it was found that the difficulties faced by cancer patients are present in all stages of the disease: from access to prevention health services and diagnosis to post-treatment, influenced by late diagnosis, treatment side effects, and disease comorbidities. Conclusion: It is essential to carry out studies addressing changes in the family, professional and personal scope of cancer patients, aiming to provide them with comprehensive care and health professionals with understanding about what this disease represents in the life of these individuals.

Rethinking the marketing strategy of anti-tumor drugs by single-arm trials supported / 中华肿瘤杂志

Single-arm trial refers to a clinical trial design that does not set up parallel control group, adopts open design, and does not involve randomization and blind method. These features, on the one hand, speed up the process of clinical trials, significantly shorten the time to market and meet the needs of patients with advanced malignancies, but also lead to the uncertainty of single-arm clinical trials themselves. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration held a meeting of the oncologic drug advisory committee to discuss six tumor indications that have been accelerated approved, which once again triggered the discussion of single-arm trials. The basis of accelerated approval by single-arm trial is actually a compromise on the level of evidence-based medical evidence requirements after assessing the benefit risk. Therefore, the sponsor should strictly grasp the applicable conditions of single-arm trial in anti-tumor drugs and conduct single-arm trial scientifically. Post-marketing clinical trial should be implement as early as possible to ensure the benefit of patients. Based on the characteristics of single-arm trial, combined with two guidance relevant to single-arm trial issued by National Medical Products Administration recently, this article is supposed to propose and summarize the strategy of single-arm trial supporting the marketing of anti-tumor drugs.

Impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 no atendimento do serviço de radioterapia em um hospital público de Salvador/BA / Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the service of radiotherapy in a public hospital in Salvador/BA

Introdução: o câncer é uma das principais causas de morte no mundo e o seu tratamento, associado com o processo da doença, acaba tornando esses pacientes mais vulneráveis. A pandemia de COVID-19 foi declarada no Brasil em março de 2020 e se estende até o presente momento, com centenas de milhares de infectados e de óbitos. No seu início, algumas medidas de prevenção foram adotadas, principalmente para populações de risco como os pacientes oncológicos, mediante o fechamento de centros de diagnósticos e de serviços eletivos, além da aderência ao distanciamento social. Objetivo: este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o impacto quantitativo gerado no atendimento de pacientes em um serviço de radioterapia, no perfil sociodemográfico dos pacientes oncológicos e no estadiamento tumoral desses pacientes. Metodologia: Tratou-se de estudo observacional descritivo, onde foram coletados dados dos prontuários dos pacientes, a partir do relatório mensal de atendimentos iniciais do serviço de radioterapia de uma Unidade de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia, em hospital público de Salvador, referentes às terapias iniciadas no período entre março e agosto dos anos de 2019 e 2020. Resultados: avaliaram-se 259 prontuários no ano de 2019 e 227 em 2020. A maioria dos pacientes foi do sexo feminino (78%) nos dois anos e residentes da cidade de Salvador. Segundo os resultados obtidos, percebeu-se uma diminuição de 12% no número de atendimentos realizados em 2020, com uma piora no estadiamento tumoral desses pacientes, chegando a um aumento de 115% nos casos de presença de metástase. As principais neoplasias encontradas foram câncer de mama, cabeça e pescoço, próstata e colo do útero. Conclusões: houve uma redução no número de atendimentos na referida unidade, não existindo grande mudança no perfil desses pacientes, que apresentam uma amostra predominantemente do sexo feminino, sendo sua maioria residente da cidade de Salvador-BA. Porém foi possível notar uma diminuição da população acima de 60 anos e também um agravamento do estadiamento tumoral.

Introduction: Cancer is one of the main causes of death in the world and its treatment, associated with the disease process, ends up making these patients more vulnerable. The COVID-19 pandemic was declared in Brazil in March 2020 and has continued to date, with hundreds of thousands of infected people and deaths. At its beginning, some prevention measures were adopted, mainly for populations at risk such as cancer patients, through the closing of diagnostic centers and elective services, in addition to adherence to social distance. Objective: this study aimed to determine the quantitative impact generated on the care of patients in a radiotherapy service, on the sociodemographic profile of cancer patients and on the tumor staging of these patients. Methods: this was a descriptive observational study, where data were collected from the patients' medical records, from the monthly report of initial care at the radiotherapy service of a High Complexity Oncology Unit, in a public hospital in Salvador, regarding the therapies started in the period between March and August in the years 2019 and 2020. Results: two hundred and fifty nine (259) medical records were evaluated in 2019 and 227 in 2020. Most patients were female (78%) in both years and residents in the city of Salvador. According to the results obtained, there was a 12% decrease in the number of consultations performed in 2020, with a worsening in the tumor staging of these patients, reaching an increase of 115% in cases of metastasis. The main neoplasms found were breast, head and neck, prostate and cervical cancer. Conclusions: there was a reduction in the number of consultations in that unit, with no major change in the profile of these patients, who have a predominantly female sample, most of them residing in the city of Salvador-BA. However, it was possible to notice a decrease in the population over 60 years of age and also an aggravation of tumor staging.

Retrospectively analysis of characteristics and risk factors of immune treatment-related hepatic adverse events in malignant tumor / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To explore the clinical features and risk factors of hepatic injury due to immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) therapy in malignant tumor.@*Methods@#Data of 112 patients (64 men and 48 women) who received CPI between January 2016 and March 2019 in Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Shenzhen Hospital, and Huazhong University of Science and Techology Union Shenzhen Hospital were retrospectively collected. The median age of these patients was 60 years.@*Results@#Hepatic adverse events were observed in 30 patients out of 112 patients (26.8%). Among them, the incidence of grade 3-5 hepatic adverse events were 7.14% (8/112). The median time of hepatic adverse event occurrence was 3 weeks (2-30) after undergoing therapy. The results of univariate and multivariate analyses showed that liver cancer was attributed to the CPI induced hepatitis (P<0.05). Patients with severe hepatic injury got almost complete resolution after receiving methlprednisolone for 4 to 6 weeks.@*Conclusion@#Live cancer is the risk factor of CPI-related hepatic adverse events.

Meduloblastoma cerebeloso durante el embarazo: Reporte de caso / Cerebellar meduloblastoma during pregnancy: A case report

Maternal malignancies complicate approximately one of every 1 000 pregnancies. These neoplasms arise more frequently from the breasts, cervix and hematopoietic system. Brain tumors in pregnancy are extremely rare. Cerebellar medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in childhood. They are considered as embryonic tumors and represent 4% of all intracranial neoplasms; they are extremely rare during pregnancy. We present the case of a 21-year-old patient with a 16-week pregnancy who suffered of intense headache in the occipital region, accompanied by photophobia, slight alteration of coordination, unstable gaits and vomiting. Neurological evaluation was normal but for positive Romberg sign and ataxic gait. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging showed a complex, ill-defined tumor occupying the cerebellar space. The patient underwent surgical reduction of the tumor. Histopathological analysis revealed grade IV cerebellar medulloblastoma. Adjuvant radiotherapy was administered. Cesarean section was performed at 34 weeks of gestation with live newborn. Following delivery, treatment was completed with external radiation therapy to the craniospinal axis.

Las neoplasias malignas maternas complican aproximadamente uno de cada 1 000 embarazos. Estas neoplasias surgen con mayor frecuencia de las mamas, cuello uterino o sistema hematopoyético. Los tumores cerebrales en el embarazo son extremadamente raros. Los meduloblastomas cerebelosos son los tumores cerebrales malignos más comunes de la infancia. Se les clasifica como tumor embrionario y representan el 4% de todas las neoplasias intracraneales; es extremadamente raro que aparezcan durante el embarazo. Se presenta un caso de una paciente de 21 años con embarazo de 16 semanas quien consultó por presentar cefalea intensa en la región occipital, acompañada de fotofobia, alteración ligera de la coordinación, marcha inestable y vómitos. El examen neurológico fue normal, aparte del signo de Romberg positivo y marcha atáxica. La resonancia magnética cerebral mostró tumoración compleja, mal definida, que ocupaba el espacio cerebeloso. La paciente fue sometida a reducción quirúrgica. El análisis histopatológico reveló meduloblastoma cerebeloso de grado IV. Se administró radioterapia adyuvante. La cesárea fue realizada a las 34 semanas de gestación, obteniendo un recién nacido vivo. Después del parto, la radioterapia externa hacia el eje craneoespinal completó el tratamiento.

Caracterización epidemiológica y clínico-terapéutica de las neoplasias malignas de glándulas salivales / Epidemiological and Clinical-therapeutic Characterization of Malignant Neoplasm in the Salivary Glands

RESUMEN Introducción: Las neoplasias malignas de glándulas salivales se ubican entre las primeras diez localizaciones de incidencia oncológica. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento epidemiológico-clínico-terapéutico de los tumores malignos de glándulas salivales en pacientes mayores de 15 años en la provincia de Sancti Spiritus entre 2012 y 2015. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 39 pacientes mayores de 15 años, con neoplasias en glándulas salivales que acudieron al servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial entre el 1 de enero de 2012 y el 31 de diciembre de 2015. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino y el rango de edad comprendido entre 45-64 años. Los municipios con mayor número de pacientes fueron Sancti Spiritus y Cabaiguán. El 23,1 por ciento de los obreros están expuestos a los rayos solares y sustancias químicas. Los parámetros clínicos más frecuentes fueron el aumento de volumen, las molestias, el dolor en la región. La glándula parótida fue el sitio anatómico de aparición más frecuente y el carcinoma mucoepidermoide la más recurrente de las neoplasias malignas de glándulas salivales. La supervivencia global a los dos años fue de 84,1 por ciento. Conclusiones: Las neoplasias malignas de glándulas salivales constituyen un problema de salud en el centro del país. Más de la mitad de los casos se diagnostican en etapas avanzadas debido, en parte, a la procedencia rural (zonas de difícil acceso) de gran parte de la muestra. Las cifras de supervivencia se encuentran acorde a parámetros internacionales(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Malignant neoplasms in the salivary glands are among the first ten locations of cancer incidence. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic behavior of malignant salivary gland tumors in patients older than 15 years in Sancti Spiritus Province between 2012 and 2105. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample consisted of 39 patients older than 15 years, with salivary gland neoplasms and who attended the maxillofacial surgery service between January 1st, 2012 and December 31st, 2015. Results: The male sex and the age range between 45-64 years predominated. The municipalities with the highest number of patients were Sancti Spiritus and Cabaiguán. 23.1 percent of workers are exposed to sunlight and chemicals. The most frequent clinical parameters were volume increase, discomfort, localized pain. The parotid gland was the most frequent anatomical onset site and the mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most recurrent of the malignant neoplasms in the salivary glands. The two-year overall survival was 84.1 percent. Conclusions: Malignant neoplasms of salivary glands constitute a health concern in the central region of the country. More than half of the cases are diagnosed in advanced stages due, in part, to the rural origin (hard-to-reach areas) of much of the sample. Survival rates are coincident with international parameters(AU)

Cancer incidence and mortality in Pearl River Delta Area, 2009-2013 / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To estimate the incidence, mortality and characteristics of cancer in Pearl River Delta Area of Guangdong Province between 2009-2013.@*Methods@#Based on five population-based cancer registration data from Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Sihui spanning from 2009 to 2013, along with those corresponding population data, the incidence and mortality rates were estimated by gender and age groups. Chinese standard population derived from the 2000 Population Census and Segi′s standard population were used for age-standardized incidence and mortality rates.@*Results@#Between 2009 and 2013, the crude cancer incidence rate was 262.50/100 000, 274.76/100 000 in male and 249.49/100 000 in female. After adjusting for Chinese and Segi′s standard population, the age-standardized incidence rates were 225.63/100 000 and 219.88/100 000, respectively. The crude mortality rate was 175.51/100 000, 222.92/100 000 in male and 127.46/100 000 in female, respectively. After adjusting for Chinese and Segi′s standard population, the age-standardized mortality rates were 116.02 /100 000 and 114.31/100 000, respectively. The incidence rates were at low levels in the population less than 40 years old, thereafter went up rapidly with age especially in male, and then reached the peak in the population aged 80 and above. As with incidence, the mortality rates kept at low levels in the population before their 50 s and then rose up steadily with age until peaking in the 85+ age group. The most common cancers were female breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer with descending incidence rate. Lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, female breast cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer were the top five cancer-attributable causes of death.@*Conclusions@#Currently, Pearl River Delta Area were faced with huge cancer burden. Lung cancer, colorectal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, female breast cancer and male liver cancer are predominant cancers and more efforts should be made to fight against them.

Comprehensive analysis of unplanned abdominal - pelvic reoperations in Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute from 2008 to 2018 / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective@#To summarize the characteristics of abdominal-pelvic unplanned reoperation (URO) in a cancer hospital.@*Methods@#Retrospectively descriptive cohort research was adopted. The classification of diseases was based on ICD-10, and surgical classification was based on ICD-9-CM-3. Medical record summary database from 2008 to 2018 in Beijing Cancer Hospital was collected, and all URO information of abdominal-pelvic surgery was retrieve. The time of URO, disease type, surgery type and cause were statistically analyzed. Distribution of main disease incidence and constituent ratio, and the application of major surgery and surgery type composition ratio were analyzed as well.@*Results@#From 2008 to 2018, a total of 46854 cases underwent abdominal-pelvic surgery (including gastrointestinal, hepatic-biliary-pancreatic, gynecological, urological, or esophageal cancer surgery) and 713 patients received URO (1.52%), including 486 males and 227 females (2.14:1.00) with a mean age of (58.1±12.2) years. A total of 246 patients (34.50%) had comorbidity, and with comorbidity: without comorbidity was 1.13:1.00. The hospital stay was (44.5±43.0) days, and the total cost was (178000±112000) yuan. There were 22 deaths (3.09%). The median interval between URO and the first operation was 8 (0 to 131) days. The highest rate of URO was 2.45% (89/3629) in 2012, while the lowest was 0.95% (53/5596) in 2015. The top 3 major cancer types of URO included colorectal cancer (222 cases, 31.14%), gastric cancer (166 cases, 23.28%) and esophageal cancer (45 cases, 6.31%). The cancer types with the highest URO rate included pancreatic cancer (3.97%, 30/756), gastric cancer (1.81%, 166/9171) and colorectal cancer (1.80%, 222/12333). The top 3 surgical procedures resulting in URO were rectal resection (109 cases, 15.29%), total gastrectomy (79 cases, 11.08%), and total pancreatectomy (64 cases, 8.98%). Focusing on 497 URO cases from 2012 to 2018, 465 cases (93.56%) followed relatively difficult grade III and IV surgery, while only 32 cases (6.44%) followed grade I and II surgery. The top 5 main causes of URO were bleeding (225 cases, 31.56%), anastomotic leak (225 cases, 31.56%), infection (89 cases, 12.48%), intestinal obstruction (53 cases, 7.43%), and wound dehiscence (35 cases, 4.91%), adding up to a total of 87.94% of all URO.@*Conclusion@#This study summarizes the epidemiology of abdominal - pelvic URO in our cancer institution, providing the solid baseline for future investigation of URO and the subsequent formulation of corresponding prevention and intervention measures.

The application of digital medical intelligent diagnosis and treatment technology for biliary malignant tumors / 中华消化外科杂志

With the advent of a new era of digital medicine,the emergence of a series of digital intelligent diagnosis and treatment technology has played an important role in the development of diagnosis and treatment of biliary malignant tumors.In this paper,the application of digital intelligent technology in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary malignant tumors is elaborated based on the relevant literature at home and abroad as well as the author's practical experience in the past 15 years.This paper introduces the application of digital medical technology represented by three-dimensional visuali zation,virtual simulation surgery,three-dimension printing technology,virtual reality,abdominal surgery navigation,medical big data and artificial intelligence-radiomics in preoperative evaluation,operation planning,and real-time intraoperative guidance,and looks forward to the new direction of intelligent technology in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary malignant tumors,so as to promote its diagnosis and treatment mode to intelligent assisted diagnosis and treatment.

Risk factors and prognosis of persistent inflammation-immunosuppressive catabolism syndrome in malignant tumor patients with lung infection after chemotherapy / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the risk factors and prognosis of persistent inflammation-immunosuppressive catabolism syndrome (PICS) in malignant tumor patients with lung infection after chemotherapy.Methods A total of 128 malignant tumor patients with pulmonary infection after chemotherapy from January 2014 to January 2018 in Jilin Cancer Hospital were collected.According to whether the patients were complicated with PICS,the patients were divided into the PICS group (44 cases) and the control group (84 cases).The clinical characteristics and prognosis of the two groups were compared,and the risk factors of PICS during hospitalization were analyzed.Results The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ score and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score in the PICS group were higher than those in the control group [(18.6±3.8) vs.(15.9±4.0),t =3.598,P ＜ 0.01;(4.8±1.5) vs.(4.0±1.6),t =2.832,P =0.005].When compared with the control group,the proportion of lung cancer in the PICS group was increased [47.7％ (21/44) vs.23.8％ (20/84),x2 =8.378,P =0.006],and the albumin was decreased [(28.8±3.3) g/L vs.(30.8±2.9) g/L,t =3.695,P ＜ 0.01],the C reactive protein was increased [(60±8) mg/L vs.(45±8) mg/L,t =9.520,P ＜ 0.01],hospital duration was prolonged [(33±7) d vs.(26±7) d,t =4.820,P ＜ 0.01],hospital mortality was increased [22.7％ (10/44) vs.4.8％ (4/84),x2 =9.567,P =0.002].Multiple factor logistic regression analysis showed that the APACHE Ⅱ score ＞ 20,lung cancer and the albumin ＜ 30 g/L were the risk factors for PICS in the malignant tumor patients with lung infection after chemotherapy (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The incidence of PICS in malignant tumor patients with pulmonary infection after chemotherapy is high,and the risk factors for the poor prognosis include APACHE Ⅱ score ＞20,lung cancer and the albumin ＜30 g/L.

Research progress on stereotactic radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for malignancies / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy are three traditional treatments for malignant tumors.With the development of medicine,immunotherapy has been gradually adopted as an emerging therapy of malignancies.Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy can induce the abscopal effect and improve the prognosis of patients.Compared with the conventional radiotherapy,stereotactic radiotherapy has a larger single dose and higher accuracy,which is more likely to induce the bystander effect and anti-tumor response.The combination of stereotactic radiotherapy and immunotherapy has been proven to be a more promising therapy in certain clinical trials.However,not all types of tumors can benefit from such combined therapy in clinical practice.The optimal dose,fraction pattern and lesion of radiotherapy,immune enhancement and safety remain to be further clarified.In this article,the research progress,related controversies and future research direction of stereotactic radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for malignancies were reviewed.

Health inequities and cancer survival in Manizales, Colombia: a population-based study / Inequidades en salud y supervivencia al cáncer en Manizales, Colombia: un estudio de base poblacional

Abstract Objective: To analyze differences in survival of breast, cervical, lung, prostate and stomach cancer by health insurance regime (HIR) and socioeconomic position (SEP) in an intermediate city in a middle-income country. Methods: All patients with breast, cervix uteri, lung, prostate and stomach cancer diagnosed between 2003 and 2007 and characterized by the Manizales population-based Cancer Registry (MCR) were included and followed up to a maximum of 5 years for identifying deaths. Survival probabilities estimated by HIR were defined according to the type of affiliation at the date of diagnosis, and by socioeconomic stratification of residence (SS) as indicator of SEP, stratifying for other prognostic factors using Kaplan-Meier methods. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted for multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 1,384 cases and 700 deaths were analyzed. Five-year observed survival was 71.0% (95% IC: 66.1-75.3) for breast, 51.4% (95% IC: 44.6-57.9) for cervix, 15.4% (95% IC: 10.7-20.8) for lung, 71.1% (95% IC: 65.3-76.1) for prostate and 23.8% (95% IC: 19.3-28.6) for stomach. Statistically significant differences in survival by HIR were observed for breast, lung, prostate, and stomach - with poorer survival for the subsidized and uninsured patients. Differences by SS were observed for lung and prostate. Differences in survival by HIR were independent of SS, and viceversa. Conclusions: Important inequities in cancer survival exist related to HIR and SEP. Possible explanations include underlying comorbidities, late stage at diagnosis, or barriers to timely and effective treatment.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la supervivencia de pacientes con cáncer de mama, cuello uterino, pulmón, próstata y estómago según régimen de aseguramiento en salud (RAS) y posición socioeconómica (PSE) en una ciudad intermedia de un país de medianos ingresos. Métodos: Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con cáncer de mama, cuello uterino, pulmón, próstata y estómago diagnosticados entre 2003 y 2007 y caracterizados por el Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Manizales, quienes fueron seguidos hasta un máximo de cinco años para identificar los fallecimientos. Las probabilidades de supervivencia estimada según RAS fueron definidas de acuerdo con el tipo de afiliación al momento del diagnóstico, y según el estrato socioeconómico de la residencia como indicador de PSE, estratificando por otros factores pronósticos y utilizando el método de Kaplan-Meier. Para el análisis multivariado se ajustaron modelos de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. Resultados: Se analizaron en total 1.384 casos y 700 muertes. La supervivencia observada a cinco años fue 71.0% (IC 95%: 66.1-75.3) para cáncer de mama, 51.4% (44.6-57.9) para cuello uterino, 15.4% (10.7-20.8) para pulmón, 71.1% (65.3-76.1) para próstata, y 23.8% (19.3-28.6) para estómago. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la supervivencia según RAS para mama, pulmón, próstata y estómago, con supervivencia más pobre en los pacientes del régimen subsidiado y no asegurados. Se observaron diferencias por estrato socioeconómico en los cánceres de pulmón y próstata. Las diferencias por RAS fueron independientes del estrato socioeconómico y viceversa. Conclusiones: Existen importantes inequidades en la supervivencia de pacientes con cáncer relacionadas con el RAS y con la PSE. Las posibles explicaciones incluyen comorbilidades subyacentes, diagnóstico tardío y barreras para el acceso al tratamiento oportuno y efectivo.

Parotid gland adenocarcinoma in a cow: case report / Adenocarcinoma de glândula parótida em vaca: relato de caso

A 9-year-old Girolando dairy cow, weighing 400kg, with a history of increased volume in the right parotid region, which extended to the submandibular region, was assisted. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed, and the cytological findings were consistent with malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin (carcinoma). Because of the unfavorable prognosis, the animal was euthanized and submitted to an anatomopathological examination. Samples of the increased parotid and affected lymph nodes were collected for histopathological evaluation. The microscopic changes were accentuated features of anaplasia, moderate cell proliferation, atypical mitotic figures, and necrosis. Stroma ranged from delicate to scirrhous, and the tumor boundaries were not distinct. These findings substantiated the preliminary histomorphological diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma with metastasis in lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical tests were performed with anti-CK Pan (clone AE1AE3), anti-CK HMW (clone 34ßE12), anti-CK19 (clone RCK108), anti-vimentin (clone V9), anti-S100 (polyclonal), and anti-androgen (polyclonal) antibodies. The immunophenotype favored the diagnosis of salivary gland adenocarcinoma. Despite the rareness in cattle, salivary gland adenocarcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diseases that occur with increased volume in the head, lymphadenopathy, drooling, dysphagia, and progressive weight loss.(AU)

Foi atendida uma vaca da raça Girolando, de nove anos de idade, de aptidão leiteira, pesando aproximadamente 400kg e com histórico de aumento de volume na região parotídea e submandibular direita. Diante do prognóstico desfavorável, o animal foi submetido à eutanásia e encaminhado para exame anatomopatológico. Fragmentos da glândula parótida e dos linfonodos alterados foram colhidos e encaminhados para exame histopatológico. À avaliação microscópica, observaram-se acentuada anaplasia, moderada proliferação celular, figuras de mitose atípicas e focos de necrose. O estroma variava de delicado a esquirroso e os limites do tumor eram imprecisos. Esses achados fundamentaram o diagnóstico de carcinoma indiferenciado com metástase em linfonodos. No exame imuno-histoquímico, foram utilizados anticorpos primários monoclonais anti-CK Pan (clone AE1AE3), anti-CK alto peso molecular (clone 34ßE12), anti-CK19 (clone RCK108), antivimentina (clone V9), anti-S100 (policlonal) e antirreceptor de andrógenos (policlonal). As células neoplásicas apresentaram imunomarcação para todos os anticorpos testados, resultado que favorece o diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de glândula salivar. Embora raro em bovinos, o adenocarcinoma de glândula salivar deve ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial de doenças que cursam com aumento de volume na cabeça, linfadenopatia salivação, disfagia e emagrecimento progressivo.(AU)

Disease constitution and trend analysis of inpatients with malignant tumors between 2008 and 2017 in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To analyze the disease constitution and trend of inpatients with malignant tumors in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital. Methods The clinical data of inpatients with malignant tumors in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from 2008 to 2017 were collected, and the characteristics of disease composition and variation trend of patients were analyzed retrospectively by using Excel, SPSS 22.0 and R3.5.0 statistical software. Results The top 10 malignant tumors from 2008 to 2017 in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital were successively lung cancer (22.92％), gastric cancer (18.34％), cervical cancer (14.31％), esophageal cancer (11.41 ％), breast cancer (10.85 ％), rectal cancer (6.90 ％), thyroid cancer (6.06 ％), colorectal cancer (4.30％), ovarian cancer (2.89％) and uterine cancer (2.03％), accounting for 120319 cases in the top 10 malignancies in total. The number of cases presented an increasing trend from 2008 to 2017 (P<0.05). The constitutions of top 10 malignant tumors between men and women were different, and the peak age of malignant cancers was from 51 to 70 years old. Conclusions The number of inpatients with malignant tumors in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital is increasing year by year. Except the special malignant tumors in females, the disease spectrums of malignant tumors inpatients show a consistent trend. Respiratory and digestive system malignancies are the main malignant tumors in Shanxi Province. It is of great significance to master the characteristics of cancer and the changing situation, adjust prevention measures, optimize the allocation of hospital beds as well as medical resources, strengthen clinical specialized subject construction.

Association between family history of malignant neoplasms and clinicopathological features in patients with colorectal cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the association between clinicopathological characteristics and familial history of malignant neoplasms (MN-FH) in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods The clinical data of 652 cancer patients in Zhengzhou University Affiliated Cancer Hospital from December 2014 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were grouped based on with or without MN-FH. The clinical and pathological features of the patients were analyzed by χ 2test. Results One hundred and thirty cases (19.9 %) of colorectal cancer had MN-FH. Compared with NO MN-FH group, MN-FH group had the features of low differentiation degree, late clinical stage, deep infiltration, and also prone to lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis, associated with cancer nodules, vascular thrombosis, nerve invasion, multiple primary tumor, MSI-H (χ 2values were 30.825, 12.270, 12.122, 8.502, 53.969, 4.502, 12.861, 11.680, 6.272, 17.460, all P < 0.05). Conclusions Colorectal cancer patients with MN-FH has high malignant degree,the early diagnosis and treatment are the key to survival of patients with MN-FH.

Evaluation of diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in head and neck neoplasms with application of immunological markers in selected cases A hospital based study to enhance early detection, diagnosis and management

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive technique used to diagnosed head and neck neoplasms commonly originated from cervical lymph node, thyroid, parotid and other salivary glands. In this study a correlation was done between cytology and histopathology whenever surgical specimens are available along with application of immunological markers in problematic cases. Aim: To assess the frequency of various benign and malignant neoplasms in different age group and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in head and neck neoplasms. Junu Devi, Kunja Lal Talukdar. Evaluation of diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in head and neck neoplasms with application of immunological markers in selected cases – A hospital based study to enhance early detection, diagnosis and management. IAIM, 2017; 4(1): 20-37. Page 21 Materials and methods: The study was conducted between September 2011 to August 2014 and total 336 cases of head and neck neoplasms were analysed. Patients between 1 to 80 years were included in the study. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) diagnosis was correlated with histopathology whenever possible. Results: Out of 336 head and neck neoplasms 164 (48.81%) were from cervical lymph node, 47 (13.99%) were from thyroid, 82 (24.40%) were from salivary glands, 5 (1.49%) were nasal mass and 38 (11.31%) were from other site (skin, soft tissue, orbit). M: F was 1.07: 1. Most commonly affected age group was 41- 60 years. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most commonly encountered neoplastic lesion. Over all sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 98.08%, 96.23%, 97.46% respectively. Cytologically and histologically consistent and inconsistent cases showed t = 2.722, p < 0.05. Few problematic cases 15(4.46%) needed immunohistochemical analysis for confirmation. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a highly sensitive, specific and has a definite role in diagnosing most of the head and neck neoplasms.

Clinical application of brachytherapy for malignant tumor (2):abdomen and pelvic cavity / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

This article analyzes recent clinical data on brachytherapy around the world,as well as the clinical experience from the author and her research team.The author summarizes the indications,contraindications,target volume,dosage,efficacy,and side effects to form a mature brachytherapy regimen.The work may provide a reliable reference for counterparts in China and be helpful for improving brachytherapy.This article mainly discusses brachytherapy for abdominal and pelvic malignant tumors.